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Cheetah:
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The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large African and Iranian cat species known for being the fastest land animal, capable of reaching speeds up to 70 mph (113 km/h) in short bursts. Its unique adaptations for speed and distinctive spotted coat make it one of the most recognizable and specialized predators in the wild.
Physical characteristics:
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The cheetah’s body is built for acceleration: long, slim limbs; a flexible spine; and semi-retractable claws for traction. Black “tear marks” under its eyes reduce sun glare and help focus vision on prey. Adults typically weigh between 77–143 pounds (35–65 kg) and measure up to 4.9 feet (1.5 m) in body length.
Speed and hunting:
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Cheetahs rely on speed and stealth rather than strength. They stalk their prey within 200–300 feet (60–90 m) before launching a rapid chase, typically lasting under a minute. Their main prey includes small- to medium-sized ungulates such as gazelles and impalas. After a chase, they require rest to recover from the intense energy expenditure.
Distribution and habitat:
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Once widespread across Africa and Asia, cheetahs now mainly inhabit sub-Saharan Africa, with a small population in Iran’s central deserts. They favor open landscapes that allow them to spot and chase prey, often coexisting with larger predators like lions and hyenas, which sometimes steal their kills.